Stereotyping a Stereotype Essay Example for Free

Stereotyping a Stereotype Essay Junot Diaz’s â€Å"How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie† seems to play into and highlight the racial stereotypes that affect the way Americans see each other; however, Diaz is in fact working to show that even people who believe they understand the full extent of stereotypes, especially men, find themselves subordinate to the ones they are stereotyping. In this story, Diaz shows how female stereotypes actually control the actions of a males seeking intimacy. The man will revert to basic instinct and base his decisions on a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person. The short story focuses its instruction on the ultimate goal of reaching physical intimacy with a girl, but illustrates the definitely different courses of action necessary to take depending on what ethnicity the target girl is. This is where Diaz proves that even by mastering the â€Å"predicted† behavior of females through racial stereotypes, the male while appearing to have control of the situation is actually lower than the female. The text has an almost aggressive tone is used to show that the author clearly knows what he is talking about in terms of girls. This tone adds serious credibility to the author and makes the instruction all the more believable. Instead of using phrases such as â€Å"I would recommend,† â€Å"I think,† or â€Å"I believe,† Diaz uses the imperative and says â€Å"Clear the government cheese from the refrigerator,† â€Å"Leave yourself a reminder to get it out,† and, â€Å"Hide the pictures of yourself with an Afro† (Diaz 143). This forceful use of language is more believable and it creates a sense of power, superiority, and confidence in the reader because he is apparently taking instruction from an expert. After all, the reader using these instructions is looking to maximize his chances of getting anything from a â€Å"Kiss,† to a â€Å"Girl just [giving] it up right then† (Diaz 147). Diaz first points out that the reader should be aware of his own social class and ethnicity. The last thing the reader wants to do is foil his chances of achieving intimacy with his date by ignoring potentially embarrassing pictures or icons of a lower social class that would not impress the girl. Such things as the notorious â€Å"Government cheese† or the â€Å"basket with all the crapped-on toilet paper† definitely want to be hidden away (Diaz 143, 144). By doing these small things, the reader is putting himself at an advantage by leaving no room for the date to find weakness in him. If the date cannot find anything embarrassing, the reader is in control of the situation. According to Casey S. Torstenson in her article â€Å"You Don’t Know Me,† she says â€Å"To follow the advice of this story will, in all likelihood, get the [reader] closer to some form of physical intimacy, but this intimacy will be the result of a carefully manipulated†¦ impression he creates for his date, rather than the more inherent and objective truths of who he truly is† (Torstenson). This statement means that by hiding anything potentially incriminating, the male has a better shot at getting intimate with the girl, but that he is defying the age old saying that every set of parents say to their kids, â€Å"Just be yourself. † Diaz proves my argument in this section because the reader, although seemingly in control of the situation, is forced to manipulate it in a way that is pleasing to the girl, not to him. Diaz does not suggest anywhere in the text that the reader should do what he might find appealing, instead, the only positive thing in the text for the reader is the ultimate possibility of a hook-up. If the reader manipulates a situation based on stereotypes (ie where to take the girl to dinner depends on what the color of her skin is) he is subordinate to the girl because he has to play his cards just right in order to get what he wants. The date is in complete control because every decision the reader makes is based on what the girl will do, not what the reader wants. In doing so â€Å"Diaz emphasizes the way in which the social forces of race and class undercut both individuality and objectivity† and make the reader subordinate to his date (Torstenson). After the reader establishes his own security, it is then his responsibility to prepare for the evening. Diaz establishes that the first thing to do, no matter the race of the girl is to say hello to the mother. Once again, the author instructs the reader to inadvertently give up control. The entire purpose of saying hello to the mother is to impress her and to come across as a gentleman. Saying hello does not benefit the reader at all nor does it make his chances of getting with the girl any better. He merely says hello to come across as somebody he is not, boosting his facade, tearing down his true character, and once again putting the date in power. After the introduction is over, the reader must take the girl to dinner. This part of the story is intriguing because depending on what race the girl is determines where there is to go. The local girls (Hispanic and black) can be taken to El Cibao, only so that the reader can impress them with his Spanish or give them the chance to correct his Spanish. For some reason, the black girl and the brown girl are entitled to eat at a nicer dining establishment than the white girls who are suppsoed to be taken to Wendy’s. Diaz claims that the black girl will be impressed by his ability to speak Spanish, or the brown girl will have the opportunity to correct his â€Å"busted-up Spanish† (Diaz 145). In the case of the black girl, she, although being taken to dinner, is in control of the situation because the only reason the reader takes her to dinner at a nicer place is in hopes that he can impress her. The reader let’s the stereotype that she does not speak Spanish control his decision making insomuch as that he is not at the restaurant to enjoy a meal, but only to get one step closer to intimacy. In the case of the brown girl, he hopes that she will correct him to make her feel important and smart. In this case, the reader is supposed to make himself come across as unintelligent to make the girl happy. Once again, the reader is subordinate to the girl because he is not being himself and is forced to act in certain ways that are uncharacteristic of him. However, suppose the girl does not speak Spanish. What is the reader supposed to do then? He is not being himself and following instructions, so if the instructions are not correct, the reader will be unknowing of his next move. The reader becomes dependent on these stereotypes and completely relies on them to work. The reader is at the will of the stereotypes. If they turn out to be false, then the reader will be lost with no direction and all of his expectations will be shattered leaving him in less control than he already is. In the case of the white girl, he expects that the white girl will put out much sooner than the girls of color and will not require the type of attention and time that the colored girls apparently deserve. What if the stereotype is false again? The white girl will be unimpressed by eating at a greasy fast food restaurant, and the reader will not get what he wants. As in every other instance, the reader relies on the validity of the stereotype. If it is true, then everything works out according to plan, but the only way for the stereotype to be true is if the white girl does absolutely everything according to Diaz’s chronology of events. Diaz leaves no room for spontaneity. Everything is scripted. However, the script is only as long as the girl wants it to be. She is fully capable of doing what she wants. The girl is in complete control of the very stereotype that the reader relies so heavily upon. Thus, the reader is subordinate to his date. Flattery is his next tool. Once the dinner is over, Diaz tells the reader to act interested in the girl and touch her gently; almost in a suggestive manner. He tells the readers to say things like â€Å"I like you,† and â€Å"[I] love [your] hair† (Diaz 147, 148). The basic assumption here is that girls will appreciate being complimented and be more willing to act more intimate with their charmer. However, even still, the girl is in complete control of her actions. Although the reader is wooing her, in the end it will be her decision whether or not she decides to put out. No stereotype can predict that event. They can offer a glimpse into a surface personality, but a sequence of events over the course of a couple of hours cannot physically be predicted exactly. Even so, the male will rely on a shallow concept that offers a glimpse into the future if he feels that it has the possibility of yielding pleasurable results. With this thought, it is clear that the stereotypes used in the story are geared towards pointing out how the potential for intimacy will make men revert to relying upon stereotypes and that they are not actually in control, but the stereotype that is controlled by the woman is in charge. â€Å"How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie† was most certainly written with the intent of showing how the male race relies on stereotypes to court women and how these stereotypes give the man a sense of security, control, and confidence. â€Å"Diaz consciously [provides] stereotypical male figures for dramatic effect† in order to illustrate how, â€Å"boys discuss members of the opposite sex as creatures to be used as devices for sexual gratification† (Alford). However, the underlying message in the text is that men rely on these stereotypes so much, that they in fact lose control of the situation because it is not the man in control but the stereotype. While Diaz points out the presence of stereotypes amongst women of different races, he clearly wants to point out the truth that men stereotyping is a stereotype. Works Cited Alford, William R. â€Å"Sex, Race and Power. † 2000. http://the-big-pic. org/drowntext. html. Diaz, Junot. Drown. â€Å"How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie. † New York: Riverhead Books, 1996. Torstenson, Casey S. â€Å"You Don’t Know Me. † Florida: Switchback, 2006. http://www. swback. com/issues/004/You_Dont_Know_Me. shtml.

Jeremy Bentham : Father of Utilitarianism Essays -- Ethics Morals Phi

Assess the merits of Utilitarianism (24 Marks) Utilitarianism is a theory aimed at defining one simple basis that can be applied when making any ethical decision. It is based on a human’s natural instinct to seek pleasure and avoid pain. Jeremy Bentham is widely regarded as the father of utilitarianism. He was born in 1748 into a family of lawyers and was himself, training to join the profession. During this process however, he became disillusioned by the state British law was in and set out to reform the system into a perfect one based on the ‘Greatest Happiness Principle,’ ‘the idea that pleasurable consequences are what qualify an action as being morally good’. Bentham observed that we are all governed by pain and pleasure; we all naturally aim to seek pleasure and avoid pain. He then decided that the best moral principle for governing our lives is one which uses this, the ‘Greatest Happiness Principle.’ This is that the amount of overall happiness or unhappiness that is caused by an action should determine whether an action is right or wrong. He stated, ‘the greatest happiness of all those whose interest is in question is the right and proper, and only right and proper end of human action’ Here Bentham is saying that the principle is the only valid of deciding and justifying our actions, that the principle should be applied regardless of any others, as it is the only true and reliable way of defining whether an action is right or wrong. An advantage of utilitarianism is that it can be applied to any situation. Unlike many moral approaches you are not restricted by rules such as ‘it is always wrong to lie,’ or ‘killing is never right.’ This allows the philosopher to consider any dilemma or problem in it’s own specific context. For example applying Kantian ethics, abortion or euthanasia would have to be defined as wrong, however a utilitarian has the scope to make there own decision considering a range of factors and situations. Bentham realised that because this theory is based on the outcome of our actions it may be difficult to assess fairly which action will produce the most happiness. He therefore developed the ‘hedonistic calculus’, a form of calculating the happiness resulting from an act by assessing 7 different factors of the pleasure produced such as intensity and duration. In doing this Bentham was attempting to create some sort of ... ...ilitarianism, like any other ‘list of rules’ approach to morality can be wrong in certain situations and encourages people to blindly follow rules. Utilitarianism is a reality, not just a theory like many other philosophies; it is practiced every day, for instance the vote system. This ongoing practice of utilitarianism in society has show that it is flawed. Just because the masses vote for something, doesn’t make it right. The masses can be fooled, as in Nazi Germany for example, thousands of people were behind Hitler even though his actions were undeniably evil. Utilitarianism is a logical system, but it requires some sort of basic, firm rules to prevent such gross injustices, violations of human rights, and just obviously wrong thing ever being allowed. This could be the ‘harm principle’ which Mill devised. ‘Acts of whatever kind, which, without justifiable cause, do harm to others, may be, and in the more important cases absolutely require to be, controlled by the unfavorable sentiments, and, when needful, by the active interference of mankind. The liberty of the individual must be thus far limited; he must not make himself a nuisance to other people.’

Lottery Ticket’

Nothing is more cold and neutral in the allotment of fates among a group of equals than with a random game of chance. No one is favored neither is anyone discriminated against. Everyone enjoys the same chances of winning the pot viz. ‘the Lottery Ticket’ by Anton Chekov, just as much as everyone shares the same degree of nervous apprehension from being chosen among the lot as part of a dark ritual viz. ‘the Lottery’, Shirley Jackson. Many men have squandered their lives and property to follow the fickle goddess of circumstances. Likewise, societies throughout history from across different cultures have oftentimes done away with the long process of rational thought and quiet contemplation for a decisively quick way to decide on issues: through an impartial lottery draw of lives across the board. When chance is allowed to determine the fates of men, the results are irrevocable and are not open to discussion or compromise. Once mathematical statistics have chosen the roll, the consequences have the effect of law. Its concomitant mandate is as good as the universe itself has already firmly spoken on the matter. Both the short stories dwell on the central idea of lottery but the angles by which the scheme of it is scrutinized are in the opposite extremes. In brief, Anton Chekov’s ‘the Lottery Ticket’ tells of the sharp, positive change in the outlook of Ivan Dmitritch and his wife who both led an otherwise enervated and disillusioned life (Chekov 88). They were both thrilled with the prospect of being able to afford a few luxuries in life by winning a hefty sum of money from the lottery (ibid.). Ivan begins to imagine the myriad ways to spend the prize money just as his wife was likewise animated at the thought of traveling to places and improving her lot in life (ibid.). It does not take long before Ivan realizes that it was his wife’s ticket and the entire money belonged to her. He foresees the hypothetical situation where she would have him on a leash. Thus, to dispel the unsavory possibility of being subrogated to the wife, Ivan reveals that the ticket was spurious and the combination did not match the winning number. All at once, bliss was replaced with ill-humor. The resentment for their lives has never been more sharply felt. They had a brief taste of bliss although temporarily. From then on nothing will be the same for them again (Chekov 89). On the other hand, Shirley Jackson’s ‘the Lottery’ takes away the ecstatic pleasure one feels in winning the lottery and replaces it with abject dread and horror.   Without going much into details, a group of people in a certain remote village adopted the brand of lottery which was designed to indiscriminately pick the name of a person, on a fixed time and location, to be subjected to public lynching (Jackson 12). The lottery draw is not something that everyone looks forward to every time it was being held. Instead, it is largely anticipated with fear and terror (Jackson 13). Although the tradition is highly unusual and cruel, people in this community continue to practice the ritual even after its neighboring villages stopped doing it altogether (ibid.). Their talismanic attachment to the lottery is left unexplained although one can draw the connection between symbolic barbarism of backward societies and unquestioned belief in tradition. Nevertheless, the people do not take alarm at the punishment because everyone is statistically equal with the other. Only Tessie Hutchinson seems to be complaining precisely because she was on the fore about to suffer the injury and the unjust penalty of death (Jackson 14). In the same vein, the tradition is perpetuated to the younger generation who were at the frontlines eagerly casting out stones from a pile they have previously prepared. Lottery has been around in human recorded history since time immemorial. Abraham who took charge of large plots of land settled disputes on ownership and patrimony through a simple and efficient method of drawing lots (King James Bible, Gen. 1.18-25). The principle of deciding by lottery is practiced up to the present time. It is generally adopted to resolve issues because of its appeal to fair justice (From Grandpa with Love, 2). The flipside to this argument is that everyone shares both justice and injustice equally. Shirley Jackson’s ‘the Lottery’ is an exposition of this principle in the negative end, whereas, Anton Chekov’s ‘the Lottery’ takes off from the notion that fair play sometimes breed resentment and jealousy by the one who is un-favored against those who are favored. The short stories are cries against injustice, either asking â€Å"why not me?† or â€Å"why me?† in the end. Works Cited Chekov, Anton. The Wife and other Stories: The Tales of Chekov vol. 5. New York: Bibliobazaar Publishers Inc., 2003. From Grandpa with Love.   International Bible Society: Zondervan Publishing House, 1984. 12 February 2008. . Jackson, Shirley. The Lottery and other Stories. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005. King James Bible. New York: Hendrikson Publishers, 2003.

Online Social Networking Dangers and Benefits Essay

For years and years, the internet has been offering a very extensive variety of information, social networking sites, merchandise purchases, online banking and many other services that our grandparents and our great grandparents could only dream of. This doesn’t mean that it’s all good or useful information and sites. Neither does it mean it hasn’t had a huge impact on the way society is changing just because it is a virtual space. â€Å"The internet is home to millions of sites, representing both commerce and the people who share their thoughts and experiences with anyone who visits† (Amp Your MySpace Page 99) The webpages that have had much more impact on society are social networking sites such as, Myspace, Facebook, Hi5, Friendster, etc.†¦show more content†¦(What Matters In America 52). Many kids are growing up in a world where their â€Å"friends† are a bunch of pictures on their profiles and a â€Å"community† is a virtual place where you can meet and interact with virtual people. Modern kids and teenagers are living in a world where they create their own virtual persona, which can be anything they want even if it’s not even close to what they really are in real life. This can even turn into a psychological issue because â€Å"these people grow up going to school, work and public places as one person but they still have that urge to become someone else once they’re online†(Google.com). There have been many reported cases where a good, trusting person agrees to meet with someone else only to find that that person is a sexual predator, a thief, or some kind of lunatic. It is true that even if you meet someone face to face instead of online you can find them to be jerks also, but I think it’s a smaller risk. I was told by my Mexican grandmother that in her good ol’ days, when a girl wanted to go out with a boy they would go out to a water fountain in the middle of the town park and just walk around and around until the boy of the girl’s liking gave her a flower; then they would walk together and get to know each other, which almost always ended in marriage. In our modern era, if you want to meet someone it seems that all you have to do is go onto Match.com orShow MoreRelatedSocial Sites: Virtual Playgrounds or Predatory Hunting Grounds956 Words   |  4 PagesSocial interaction via internet has become a raving craze, but the debate of online safety measures necessary for children using social sites has become a hot topic of discussion. Social sites open the door to online interaction with friends, relatives, and classmates; but they also enhance the risk of interaction with online predators. 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WithRead MoreControversial Issues essay about Social Networking2034 Words   |  6 PagesThe Benefits of Social Networking Abstract In the following essay, the benefits and consequences of social networking are explained and the different uses of social media are revealed. Websites, such as Facebook, have grown so popular that they have been created into mobile apps for individuals to use when he or she is unable to access a computer. With the significant increase in the number of its users, social networking has become a universal activity with its positive effects outweighing itsRead MoreDo the Benefits of Social Networking Outweigh the Risks?1447 Words   |  6 Pagespeople log into social networking sites each day. While this might be just another fact to support the theory that many people are addicted to social media, one might be tempted to wonder if social media sites have any benefits. The risks and dangers commonly associated with social media certainly seem to disregard these. 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Technology Has A Great Effect On Students And On Our Society

II In her research paper, â€Å"Beneficial technological platforms† ( 2016), Rivine Kakoz, A junior at Granite Hills High, argues that the technology has a great effect on students and on our society. She starts by introducing the topic giving background, that are important to know, and then she started by listening supporting and opposing evidences that lead to her thesis. I wrote this pieces in order for readers to have a great understanding of the good effects on our new life of technology. My audience are the teachers at Granite Hills High School. III. Have you ever imagine yourself, not using any kind of technology for the whole day ? Everywhere you go, you see people all around you using their technology for many reasons. Sam, a young student who grow up in a world with development of technology , used his technology 24/7 a day. On the other hand, his parents grow up without using that much technology for their daily life and also not in their classrooms. 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Essay on Global Warming - 1148 Words

Global Warming The 19th as well as the 20th century have been the most prolific time periods in modern history as concerns science, technology and socio-economic development. Within these two centuries we witnessed the discovery of electricity, the invention of the engine which played a very important role in the maturity of the well-known industrial revolution. Through this revolution people began to live in a more decent and comfortable manner; new commodities were produced and entire new kinds of industry were developed. Although all these inventions, discoveries and scientific breakthroughs improved in an outstanding way our well-being, they also provided us with some troubles that scientists had never foreseen or even imagined.†¦show more content†¦Increased rainfall may cause more frequent flooding and as a consequence the sea level may rise. Scientists announce that an estimated 50 cm rise by the year 2100 could submerge more than 5,000 square miles of dry land and an additional 4,0 00 square miles of wetlands in the U.S. Another huge problem that can be caused by the global warming is an increase in mortality due to health issues. Changing patterns of precipitation and temperature may produce new breeding sites for pests and viruses, shifting the range of infectious diseases. In such way we may probably experience new epidemic strikes of diseases present 100 years ago. Obviously, climate has a big influence on plants and animals in the natural environment, on oceans, and on human activities, such as agriculture, water supplies, and heating and cooling. The effects of climate change depend upon how much change there is, how fast it occurs, and how easily the world can adapt to the new conditions. The effects of climate change on people would vary a lot from place-to-place. 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Case Study of Corporate Social Responsibility- Free solution

Question: Case study report on corporate social responsibility. Answer: Introduction Maintenance of the corporate social responsibility is the key tool for achieving the successful sustainability management. Many of the corporations try to promote the sustainable development for considering the environmental welfare. Similarly, Toyota has also undertaken the skilful procedure for promoting the concerns of the customers. The classified elements of ecology development are considering the area of promoting the sustainable development. The plan has been structured in considering the goals and objectives ensured by Toyota. The process is determining the strategic implementation within the limited time. The company has been introducing the automobile vehicles with high quality material that is concerned with the less emissions of CO2. Electric car has been launched to lessen the amount of fuel consumptions. The company has even undertaken the initiatives to recycles the chemical wastages. However, in concerning such areas, it can be inferred that the implementation of such plan would be beneficial for considering the safer approaches for the external stakeholders. However, some for the major advantages and the disadvantage are also involved with such implemented plans. The establishment of the communicational transparency would be beneficial for the upcoming future in sustainable development process. The corporate social responsibility simply defines the maintenance of the responsibility of the organisations towards the environment and the community, where the business is located. The meaning of the corporate social responsibilities has been one of the most frequent questions that are concerned among the business corporations. (Ahman 2013) opined that the corporations usually try to engage their best inputs to keep the environment well-maintained. Therefore, each of the organisations has been providing their best effort to prove themselves suitable for surviving in this competitive scenario and achieving the sustainable development (Caplan, Dutta and Lawson 2016). While some of the corporations have been concentrating on the reducing the pollution and waste to keep the environment clean; other corporations have been concerning about the undertaking many social and education programs (Fath 2015). Some of the organisations are even trying to earn the adequate returns on the engaged resources. Hence, diversified procedure maintained in ensuring the corporation social responsibility and it is contributing the sustainability management in a specific way. The study will be discussing the corporate social responsibilities maintained by Toyota Motors, Australia in ensuring the ecological sustainability. The study is associated with the analysis of the three major factors related to the ecological sustainability, such as economic, ethical, and discretionary. The structured plan based on the clean technology, pollution prevention, sustainability vision, and ecological sustainability will be demonstrated in this study. The establishment of the aims, objectives, tactics, and strategies will be incorporated in this study. Along with these segments, the study will also highlights the key advantages and disadvantages related to the initiatives undertaken for maintaining the ecological sustainability and this will be liked with the formulated strategy of the company. Maintenance of Ecological Sustainability and CSR Factors According to Costanza et al. (2014), the ecological sustainability refers to the capability of the ecosystem that is required to maintain the essential functions and retain the biodiversity for the longer time. As per the environmental guidelines, the corporations need to keep the eyes on the environmental guidelines for maintaining the ecological sustainability. Under the section 516A of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conversation Act 1999, the organisations associated with the commonwealth programs need to present the report based on the statutory report (Environment.gov.au 2016). This particular report will be including the organisational initiatives undertaken for maintaining the environmental sustainability (McCallum, Schmid and Price 2013). More specifically, it is to be notified that these corporations need to maintain each of the principles written under this section. Toyota Motors, Australia is also maintaining such guiding principles to ensure the sustainable d evelopment. The compliance of the ethical in establishing the ecological sustainability is much commendable. The brief analysis of the three major factors related to the corporate social responsibility maintained by Toyota is described further: Economic: Benn, Dunphy and Griffiths (2014) suggested that ecological economics is considered as the trans-disciplinary field in the context of corporate social responsibility. The ecological economy is not only bounded with the ecological sustainability, but it also describes the wider context of psychology, archaeology, anthropology, and history (Morelli, 2013). In highlighting the differences, it can be inferred that the environmental economics includes the sub discipline of economics, which can be applied to the environmental thinking. In case of Toyota, it has been seen that the company has concentrated in the fuel economy level. In the year of 2012, Toyota was considered as the full-line automotive manufacturer, which signifies the most fuel-efficiency (Toyota.com 2016). The use of the advanced engine technologies facilitated such initiatives during the manufacturing process of the automotive cars. The company has even introduced some of the Electric Power Vehicles like RAV4, C orolla, and Camry. These cars reduce the consumption level of fuel, which helps in eliminating the hydraulic lines and pump belt. Ethical: Ethical ecology is demonstrating the study of individuals, humans, and corporate values. Ihlen and Roper (2014) defined that the ecological ethics includes the justification, evaluation, specified values, and standardized characterizations of diversified aspects. The diverse forms of disciplines are associated with the ecological ethics, which determines both the religious and philosophical versions. The expansion of the traditional ethics is concerned with the adverse effects of environmental conditions that depend on the human interests (Ito 2014). It is to be indicated that the sustainability is considered as one of the most prominent norms in describing the ecological ethics. In last few decades, some of the ethical concerns were quite prominent in the business scenario of Toyota. In the first place, it was informed that Toyota admitted their fault of neglecting safety concerns and delaying the investigation process just to save the money (Schneider and Schmidpeter 2012) . The ecological ethics determines the safer approaches for the customers who have been dealing with the products or the services provided by the company (Costanza and Kubiszewski 2012). However, Toyota failed to maintain such purposes. On the other hand, the name of the company is somewhat involved with many others unethical behaviour, which is quite unjustified for the maintenance of the corporate social responsibility. Discretionary Ecology: The discretionary ecology specifies the negligence of the fruitful advices related to the organisational sustainability. The discretionary policy signifies the decisions of the policy maker in judging the oppositions of a policy dominated by the pre-determined rules (Resick et al. 2013). Hallstedt (2015) explained that discretionary policy refers to the actions taken in responses to the changing scenario in the economic structure. Toyota faced some of the promising situations due to the unethical behaviour towards the discretionary ecological aspect (hman 2013). The deep and systematic issues with the poor quality of the automotive products are the major concerns in such purpose. The automobile parts used for the manufacturing process is not up to the mark (Benn, Dunphy and Griffiths 2014). Hence, it creates discrepancy with the safer approaches. In such cases the fixation of the acceleration is necessary. The list of the falsified statements is also considered as the ethical discrepancy. Sustainability Plan for Toyota This section of the study will be discussing the structured plan related to the sustainable development of Toyota in considering the featured initiatives. The demonstration of the mission and objectives would be specified in this section of the study. The structured CSR plan would be featured by including the required components. Since the time of the establishment, Toyota has been concentrating on promoting the environmental welfare to maintain the skilled corporate social responsibilities. The provision of the higher quality and innovative products for managing the sustainable development of the societal context is also concerned by Toyota (Hallstedt 2015). Toyota Motor Corporation announced their fruitful contribution towards the sustainable development management in the year of 2005 (Toyota-global.com 2016). The initial step undertaken by Toyota has been concerning the maintenance of the transparent relationship with their internal and external stakeholders. Moreover, the company has been concerning about the sustainability development for next 5 years by adopting the environmental welfare process. The subsequent changes in the environmental needs are sometimes considering some of the recognisable challenges for Toyota (Resick et al. 2013). The major rationale that has been observed by the company is the proper maintenance of the corporate social responsibility. The company aims to portray their image as the most trustworthy company in the society. Hence, it is required to promote some of the relevant initiatives that will make the people trust this company. The employees are put into the considerations of practicing the CSR policies. Moreover, the company has been involving the ethical practise in the subsidiaries as well as taking the proper actions against the discrepancy (Kesavan, Bernacchi and Mascarenhas 2013). Toyota puts the customers as their first priority and due to such reason the company has been trying to promote the safe and innovative features of the automotive products and services. Apart from the customers, Toyota has been concerning about the business partner s, shareholders, and employees of the company. The mission of the company is to establish business practices as per the ethical guidelines and build the trust for maintaining the sustainability approaches (Toyota.com.au 2016). The objectives of establishing the sustainable development plan are as follows: To undertake the open and fair business activities for structuring the corporate plan To investigate the factors of building trust among the internal and the external stakeholders To develop the advanced technologies to for facilitating the outstanding product performance To ensure the growth of the sustainability development plan for next 5 years. The recognition of these specified objectives is necessary for structuring the sustainable development plan. However, it is to be stated that structuring the sustainable plan is a sequential process, which needs to follow some of the sequential steps. These steps are defined further: Goal Specification Strategies Responsible person Timeline The first and foremost step of establishing the sustainable development plan is to identify the particular goal. In case of Toyota, the company has identified the requirements of establishing trust among the stakeholders. The company has been focusing on manufacturing the automobile products with the safety concern. Hence, the customers can use these vehicles with lower emissions of CO2 and the automobile parts will be made up of higher quality material. Engaging the higher quality material for manufacturing the automobile parts. Operational manager 1st to 3rd Month The company has been concentrating on decreasing the level of the fuel consumptions. Promoting the electricity car Operational manager 1st to 5th months Table 1: Sustainable Development Plan It is to be indicated that the modern society is much influenced by the natural environment (Kim and Lee 2015). Each of the organisations tries to maintain the environmental welfare to keep the society happy. Hence, it is required to keep the concentration on the maintenance of the biodiversity aspects. Vehicle emissions are much significant concerns in the society. It is to be noted that the automobile parts are emitting more amount of CO2, which has been polluting the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to undertake any fruitful initiative that will be beneficial for reducing such CO2 emissions. Toyota has undertaken the initiatives to determine the strengthened sustainability management. The company has been concentrating on manufacturing the electricity cars, which will consume lesser number of fuels and will keep the environment pollution free (Ito 2014). Moreover, the company is even focusing on using the high quality materials for the automotive engines (Hallstedt 2015). U sing the high quality material will be reducing the risks of the situational incidents and will keep the people safe. Since, the major motto of the company is to satisfy the customers and provide them the safer products, this initiative is much useful. The biodiversity conservation is another fruitful initiative that Toyota has planned for maintaining their corporate social responsibility (Costanza et al. 2014). The Company has been considering the recycling of the wastes derived from the industrial projects and manufacturing process. In determining the Substance of Concern, the company has been promoting the process of reducing the release of chemical substance. This process is associated with the Transfer Reister Law that reduces the chemical release form the planet (Toyota.com.au 2016). In addition, the supply chain management process is also considering such area to be promoted in their sustainable development initiatives. Advantages and Disadvantages of Toyotas CSR policies It is to be noted that corporate social responsibility is considered as a process of analysing the behaviour of the corporations towards the welfare of the environment in which it operates (Resick et al. 2013). In judging the corporate social responsibility, it is required to identify the basic needs and requirements of the stakeholders associated with the company (Kesavan, Bernacchi and Mascarenhas 2013). Similarly, Toyota has implemented special initiatives to promote their sustainable development approach and environmental welfare. The short term plan ensured by Toyota Motors, Australia is indicating the arrangements of the sustainability programme. On the other hand, the long term goal has been specifying that the use of the electric car has been reducing the fuel consumption, which can be beneficial for the future prospects. It is needless to say that the promotions of such sustainable development are considering the advantages for establishing the sustainable business in this c ompetitive society. The advantages are as follows: Electric car introduced for lowering the emissions of CO2 Fuel consumptions are less People can get the safer approaches while purchasing the automobile vehicle of Toyota. The maintenance of the ecological concerns while promoting the CSR approaches In spite of considering the advantages, some of the obstacles are also foreseen simultaneously. The disadvantages associated with the implementation of CSR initiatives are as follows: The first stakeholder group raised a serious concern regarding the stuck gas petals. While promoting CSR, the company needed to use some of the useful materials and the advanced technicalities (Caplan, Dutta and Lawson 2016). In such times, the pollutants emitted from these chemicals were quite harmful for the people around. More specifically, working with such harmful chemical can be too risky for the lives of the workers. Hence, it became more difficult to manage the issue. Another most challenging aspect came from another stakeholder group is credible safety and advocacy. While promoting the electric car, it is required to get knowledge about the proper use (Kim and You 2013). The lack of knowledge about using the technicalities sometimes leads towards situational crisis. During the situational crisis related to the promotions of CSR, Toyota did not answer any questions that the media threw at them. The unethical behaviour of remaining unresponsive is quite hazardous for maintaining a good reputation (McCallum, Schmid and Price 2013). The people cannot even trust any organisation, which cannot take any liability during any loss or crisis. Hence, it is required to understand the necessity of promoting the communicational transparency as well as promoting the CSR process. The regulations imposed by the government for implementing the CSR initiatives are also concerning the troublesome aspect for Toyota. It is to be indicated that throughout this implementation programme, the management behaviour of Toyota reflected an image of negligence, denial, and shifting of the blames (Kim and Lee 2015). It was their incapability to maintain the proper responsibility and due to such reason, the reputation of the company even affected in a very significant manner. Conclusion Maintenance of the corporate social responsibility is the key tool for achieving the successful sustainability management. Many of the corporations try to promote the sustainable development for considering the environmental welfare. Similarly, Toyota has also undertaken the skilful procedure for promoting the concerns of the customers. The classified elements of ecology development are considering the area of promoting the sustainable development. The plan has been structured in considering the goals and objectives ensured by Toyota. The process is determining the strategic implementation within the limited time. The company has been introducing the automobile vehicles with high quality material that is concerned with the less emissions of CO2. Electric car has been launched to lessen the amount of fuel consumptions. The company has even undertaken the initiatives to recycles the chemical wastages. However, in concerning such areas, it can be inferred that the implementation of such plan would be beneficial for considering the safer approaches for the external stakeholders. However, some for the major advantages and the disadvantage are also involved with such implemented plans. The establishment of the communicational transparency would be beneficial for the upcoming future in sustainable development process. References hman, H., 2013. Social sustainabilitysociety at the intersection of development and maintenance.Local environment,18(10), pp.1153-1166. Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A., 2014.Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. 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Toyota as an environmental model city: Is its eco-policy recognized?.Journal of Sustainable Development,7(2), p.70. Kesavan, R., Bernacchi, M.D. and Mascarenhas, O.A., 2013. Word of mouse: CSR communication and the social media.International Management Review,9(1), p.58. Kim, H.S. and Lee, S.Y., 2015. Testing the Buffering and Boomerang Effects of CSR Practices on Consumers Perception of a Corporation during a Crisis.Corporate Reputation Review,18(4), pp.277-293. Kim, P. and You, J., 2013. Strategic CSR through Innovation and Top Management Team Decision Making: Evidence from Eco-Friendly Automobile Industry Case Analyses.Journal of Advanced Management Science Vol,1(4). McCallum, S., Schmid, M.A. and Price, L., 2013. CSR: a case for employee skills-based volunteering.Social Responsibility Journal,9(3), pp.479-495. Morelli, J., 2013. Environmental sustainability: A definition for environmental professionals.Journal of Environmental Sustainability,1(1), p.2. Resick, C.J., Hargis, M.B., Shao, P. and Dust, S.B., 2013. Ethical leadership, moral equity judgments, and discretionary workplace behavior.Human Relations, p.0018726713481633. Schneider, A. and Schmidpeter, R., 2012. Corporate social responsibility.Verantwortliche Unternehmensfhrung in der Praxis, Berlin ua.